While Chen Zhao was engaged in the Chen family's sanitation construction, he did not forget Qian Youxi's strategy plan.
Chen Zhao is quite familiar with Qian Youxi. This little girl has a strong desire for knowledge. After thinking about it, he decided to start with her desire for knowledge and tie her to her side.
Chen Zhao planned to take the first step to teach the foundation of modern medicine to Qian Youxi in writing.
First of all, Chen Zhao herself is too busy. During this period, I really don’t have time to separate the time to discuss medical academic issues with Qian Youxi, and I can’t find a reason to let this little girl be her follower. Since this is the case, it’s better to directly enlighten Qian Youxi in writing. When she accumulates a certain amount of questions, she will find time to answer them uniformly. If Qian Youxi can really penetrate into the modern medical system as Chen Zhao wishes, Qian Youxi will really be inseparable from Chen Zhao, because there is no other person in the world who can discuss medical knowledge with her.
To this end, Chen Zhao prepared the first text material: "On the Three Elements of Infectious Diseases".
Chen Zhao came to Qian's house directly, came to Qian's house, and handed the text information to Qian Youxi.
When Qian Youxi saw Chen Zhao standing at the door of Qian's house, she was naturally extremely surprised. She hurriedly invited Chen Zhao to come in and talk, but Chen Zhao refused. He said that he was really busy during this period. Recently, after a period of research, he has summarized some medical knowledge about the plague and wanted to share it with Qian Youxi.
When Qian Youxi heard that Chen Zhao was just here to deliver learning materials, she suddenly felt lost in her heart. Chen Zhao wanted to create this effect. Although the two could not meet, Chen Zhao's medical knowledge always influenced her, making her unable to forget herself at all times.
Chen Zhao also gave Qian Youxi the key to the clinic and told her that she could temporarily manage the clinic. If a patient came to her, she could also practice her medical achievements. Qian Youxi waved her hands repeatedly, but Chen Zhao was slightly tough and stuffed the key into her hand.
In fact, Qian Youxi has lived enough at home recently. After her elder brother came back, he had to be busy keeping his father's mind. There was almost no source of income at home and his life was a little difficult. After his elder brother took away "Qian's Children's Fang", although he did not press on her step by step like before, he did not give her a good look at her at all.
With this key, Qian Youxi can learn medical knowledge in that small clinic wholeheartedly, and can also practice medicine and make money. There is no need to go home every day to see the elder brother's expression. Qian Youxi secretly thanked Chen Zhao for her unreserved help from her.
Chen Zhao started from "On the Three Elements of Infectious Diseases" that Qian Youxi was more easily accepted, and gave Qian Youxi a preliminary seeds of scientific medical analysis. This article is not very long. In detail, Chen Zhao described the detailed scientific steps of discovering plagues, thinking about plagues, analyzing plagues, and proposing solutions. Each step emphasizes the rigor of rational thinking and scientific concepts. Finally, he summarized the three elements and proposed response strategies for these three elements, isolating the source of infection, cutting off the transmission pathway, and protecting susceptible people, giving Qian Youxi the most basic scientific medical ideas.
This article shocked Qian Youxi very much.
The reason is very simple. Ancient medicine all starts from the theoretical basis of the mutual generation and restraint of Yin and Yang and the Five Elements to analyze various diseases. When Yin and Yang and the Five Elements themselves are regarded as the basis of medical theory, no one asked about the reliability of Yin and Yang and the Five Elements, and this short paper by Chen Zhao always asks the essence of the question...
Why does the plague spread?
Why do people get infected with plague?
Why can people be infected with the plague only after close contact?
No one has ever studied these problems, because people think it is normal to get infected with plague. The destiny is clear, so people should do this.
In Qian Youxi's view, Chen Zhao tried to fight Zhaozhao's destiny from a medical perspective.
Qian Youxi has read this article many times. She believes that Chen Zhao's direction may be revolutionary, and the analysis of the three major elements is reliable and rigorous. This set of ideas, as the guiding ideology of epidemic prevention, should achieve great success. Saving the people of the world and saving a life is better than building a seven-level pagoda. If everyone can understand the ideas and principles in Chen Zhao's theory, how many people can it save?
Qian Youxi didn't know that it was still the one who really shocked her. Chen Zhao estimated that she had almost fully understood this article and sent her a second book: "From Darwinism, Survival of Things to Evolution".
This time, Chen Zhao originally wanted to go to Qian Youxi to find Qian Youxi, but he didn't expect that the little girl had already built a floor shop in the small clinic and planned to live here for a long time. This is a good phenomenon. She was one step closer to taking her out and taking her to her side.
The book "From Darwinism, Survival of Things to Evolution" officially laid the ideological foundation of Qian Youxi's biology. Chen Zhao began to analyze from the most common sparrows and explained the importance of the streamlined body shape of the sparrow to fly. Then he compared the body structure of chickens and ducks and sparrows. The sparrow's bones are hollow, the body is lighter and more suitable for flying, so sparrows can fly, but chickens and ducks cannot fly. The argumentation process is also quite scientific. Chen Zhao wrote the research method like this:
How to prove that the same size of bones, sparrows are lighter and more agile than chickens and ducks?
In the example, it is written like this: Chen Zhao prepared a exactly the same cup, and filled the two cups with water, each in two large cups of the same size. After that, he filled the two small cups with water, and then weighed the complete bones of the chicken and sparrow of equal weight, and placed the two parts of the bones in two small cups respectively. The amount of water overflowed from the two small cups is always more than the sparrow, which proves that the bones of the same size are lighter.
Based on this, Chen Zhao analyzed in detail the hollow structure of sparrow bones.
Chen Zhao also assigned Qian Youxi an assignment question, how to prove that the weight of a piece of wood is different before and after burning?
If it is different, why is it different?
What is the specific difference between this part?
Why do we need to study this question?
Later, Chen Zhao analyzed the necessity of sparrow's beak growing into a spear from the perspective of feeding, and analyzed from the perspective of the ecological environment why the sparrow's claws faced forward and one toe backward. These claws are convenient for standing in branches and other places. He also compared the webbed ducks and gooses. There is a film between these webbed palettes, which can facilitate paddling, which is also the result of adapting to the evolution of the environment.
Starting from the example of sparrow, Chen Zhao listed a large number of examples, elaborated on Darwin's theory of evolution in detail, and expressed two extremely important views...
1. All living beings in the world are evolving to adapt to the living environment. 2. Natural selection is the driving force for the evolution of living beings.
It is conceivable that this book has brought Qian Youxi a great impact.
It turns out that the diversity of organisms in this world has evolved slowly?
In order to adapt to the underground living environment, the earthworms degenerate their eyes?
Did humans turn out to be monkeys many years ago?
Each viewpoint has completely refreshed Qian Youxi's understanding of the world, and most importantly, these views have a lot of testimonies to prove that there are too many examples that people usually accustomed to can become the basis for the establishment of these views.
It is obviously unlikely that Qian Youxi would accept these theories and agree with the perspectives of evolution. She grew up in a family of doctors in the Ming Dynasty, and her language environment destined to have a narrow-minded side of her thinking, but this did not prevent her from thinking deeply about these perspectives and asking questions.
She did do the task that Chen Zhao gave her.
She first weighed some of the firewood, then ignited them, and then weighed the carbon ash after burning them completely. She found that the weight of the carbon ash was indeed greatly reduced compared to the previous firewood.
This experiment did not give Qian Youxi too much shock. In Qian Youxi's worldview, it was obvious that part of the firewood was burned. Every year when the ancestors worshiped ancestors on Qingming Festival, the underworld coins would also turn into powder. It should be the most normal phenomenon to reduce the weight. However, Chen Zhao's later question made her fall into deep thought. What exactly was the burned part?
Where did the burned part go?
And what is the connection between this phenomenon and evolution?
The strong desire for knowledge always bothers Qian Youxi's little head.
Qian Youxi really couldn't figure it out, so he could only explain it with the superstition... After burning, these things should have jumped out of the three realms and were no longer in the five elements.
This book is much longer than the previous article. Qian Youxi spent half a month studying hard in a small clinic every day, and from time to time he had to close his eyes and meditate. Many places with too strong impact have to read several times. Finally, it was the first time he finished judging. Chen Zhao came as he pinched his days.
Mr. Chen, you are here!I happened to have many questions to ask Mr. Chen... Before Qian Youxi finished speaking, she found that Chen Zhao was not alone. Two servants followed him and came to the clinic with a carriage covered with tarp.
Chen Zhao asked with a smile: Miss Qian, don’t ask questions at first. Can I read the book I gave to Miss Qian?
Qian Youxi nodded and said: I have finished reading it, but I can’t understand too many things in it.
Chen Zhao nodded: Have you done the assigned homework?
Qian Youxi told Chen Zhao in detail about the entire process of performing the experiment.
Chen Zhao gave a thumbs up and said: Very good. Next, I will work with Miss Qian to do an experiment together. Let’s first solve the problem of ‘where did those things go after the burning go’.
Chen Zhao ordered the two servants to take the carriage to the backyard of the small clinic. When he opened the tarp, the things inside scared Qian Youxi. It was full of transparent and regular glassware. The bottles and jars had different shapes, but the texture was quite pure. Qian Youxi knew very well that the price of this set of things must be unimaginable.
Chen Zhao explained that these precious glassware were bought from the West and cost a lot of money. Then he assembled the set of instruments by himself and formed a modern chemical reaction device with good air tightness and simple composition. A large flask and a cowhide tube were connected to one flask after another, and at the end there was a gas collection cylinder that collected gas, and the gas collection cylinder finally returned to the air inlet of the first large flask.
Chen Zhao began to conduct the experiment like this. The latter flask was filled with enough carbon dioxide absorber to ensure that it could fully absorb carbon dioxide. Then Chen Zhao weighed the entire device, recorded the weight, and then weighed a piece of wood, ignited it and put it into the first large flask. Then closed the air outlet valve of the gas collection cylinder, blowing into the large flask. The wood burned quickly, and the air flow passed through the carbon dioxide absorber in the flasks, and finally returned to the gas collection cylinder. After the pressure in the gas collection cylinder increased, the outlet valve was opened and the gas was bulged into the first large flask again.
Qian Youxi didn't understand what Chen Zhao was doing, but Chen Zhao's next explanation made her understand quickly.
Miss Qian, as you said, after the wood is burned, the weight is reduced. We just weighed the entire device and this piece of wood. After the wood is burned in this cup, it turns into charcoal ash. According to our experience, its weight must be reduced, right?
Qian Youxi nodded.
Chen Zhao said again: Since that's the case, the combustion has now ended. If we weigh the entire device again, the total weight we obtained should be less than the weight of the wood at the beginning plus the weight of the original device, right?
Qian Youxi thought about it and nodded again.
Chen Zhao immediately started weighing, and a scene that made Qian Youxi stunned appeared. The total weight of the device after burning was actually greater than the sum of the first two weights!
Why?Why is this happening?Qian Youxi felt that her worldview was about to collapse. She couldn't figure out why the weight that should be reduced did not decrease, but instead increased the total weight?
Chen Zhao said with a smile: Miss Qian, if you want to understand this issue, you still have a long way to go. I call this question the "Immortality of Matter". The matter in the world will not disappear for no reason, nor will it appear for no reason. Some places will become cold, and some places will become hot. After the wood burns, in fact, the weight that disappeared will not disappear, but will float in the air. Have you ever heard of fire poison?
Qian Youxi nodded and said: There are records of excessive fire poison in "Xiyuan Jilu". Those who are poisonous in coal and those who leak fire and smelly in the soil pit will be fumigated and die without realizing it. The corpse is extremely soft, similar to those who cannot realize it at night.If you put a basin of water in the room and make the windows breathable, the coal will smell bad and cannot be harmful. Drinking cold water can relieve it.Or mash the radish and drink it with juice, and your nose will move to the wind and wake up.
That's right, this is the actual evidence that something enters the air after the wood burns!
Qian Youxi followed Chen Zhao's thoughts and suddenly realized.
This is a very simple truth. Why is there fire poison? Naturally, it is because of combustion. Something becomes gas. These gases are toxic, so people get fire poison. Combined with the previous experiment, Qian Youxi knew that his previous idea was completely wrong. The reason why the wood became lighter after burning was because that part of the thing flew into the air, but people couldn't see it.
Combined with this experiment, Qian Youxi understood a little bit what Chen Zhao wanted to express...
If you want to understand the principles in this world, it is imperfect to rely solely on sensory senses. Only through experimental argumentation and proof can you find out the principles. Qian Youxi feels that there is a taste of studying things and learning.
Chen Zhao packed up the experimental device and handed over the third book to Qian Youxi, titled "What is Biology".
After having some basic conceptual foundations, Chen Zhao began to teach Qian Youxi the basics of biology, and combined with the basics of biology, explaining the possibility of effective traditional Chinese medicine, yin and yang and five elements, and looking, listening, asking and touching. This article is very long, enough for Qian Youxi to study for a while. Later, Chen Zhao also prepared more complex and difficult books for Qian Youxi, such as "206 Bones of the Human Body", "Detailed Explanation of Heart, Liver, Spleen, Lung and Kidney", and other more in-depth and professional books. When Qian Youxi began to learn these books, it was when Chen Zhao officially instilled and imparted the basics of anatomy to her, helping her break the dregs of the body in traditional feudal thought, leading her to formally enter modern medical theory.
Before this, if Qian Youxi mostly appreciated Chen Zhao's feelings, after today, Qian Youxi began to worship Chen Zhao.
Evolution, plague theory, biology, these things are not just a sentence or two, one or two prescriptions, one or two experiences in seeing a doctor. This is a systematic and profound knowledge. Looking at history, how many people can unify medical knowledge in theory?
My ancestor Qian Yi probably can't do this!
Qian Youxi gradually began to realize that she was participating in a medical revolution that changed the future generations of descendants of China!
After answering most of Qian Youxi's questions, Chen Zhao finally said goodbye to this tender and tender little lady. Qian Youxi stayed with Chinese medicine all year round, and had a unique smell of girlish body fragrance and Chinese medicine fragrance. When sitting with her, Chen Zhao was a little drooled by this faint fragrance. Qian Youxi's white and tender neck made Chen Zhao feel a little impulsive, but now is not the time to start.
Qian Youxi stood reluctantly at the entrance of the small clinic and waved goodbye to Chen Zhao.
After leading Qian Youxi on the path of serious medical science, he began to move into the next step, about the overall governance of the areas controlled by the White Lotus Sect.
At present, the administrative aspects of the areas controlled by the White Lotus Cult have emerged with several urgent problems that need to be solved: 1. Health reform 2. Bailian First Hospital 3. Silver issue 4. The problem of destruction of public order and good customs.
After the last meeting, one month later, Chen Zhao once again summoned a party of Liuxiang and seven subordinates to the Chen family to share with them the achievements of the Chen family's health reform.
The most profound experience Chen Zhao learned through this health reform is that he must first let people in health reform experience the benefits of reform, so that the reform can have the motivation to continue to advance. After a month, there have been fewer and fewer violations of health in the Chen family. Now, they will be reluctant to let them return to their original lifestyle. Although the benefits of all aspects cannot be as visible as real money, in the long run, the implementation of health reform has indeed achieved great results.
In the past, minor illnesses such as headaches, fever, fever and illness often plagued the people of the Ming Dynasty. Naturally, the Chen family was also inseparable from this. Buying medicine and taking medicine was an indispensable part of their life. As soon as the sanitary conditions came up, the pain naturally decreased. The Chen family found that part of the daily expenses was saved, and the saved part was much more than the cost paid when implementing reforms. This is a long-term benefit.
Chen Zhao focused on showing the Chen family's division of areas, the functionality of public toilets, and daily hygiene precautions to his seven subordinates. These three things can be copied to the Bailian control area. Tap water is still a bit ahead of the Bailian control area. If Chen Zhao wants to build a large tap water supply system, the points spent are astronomical, which cannot be implemented at present.
After demonstrating these, Chen Zhao issued administrative instructions, requiring the seven managers of Liuxiang to slowly implement the health reform as a long-term work, and implement it step by step in the control area according to the Chen family's reform ideas.
The seven leaders of Chen Zhao's ideological strategy are obvious to all. First, they built some experimental zones. The results of the experimental zones responded well. After having experience in dealing with various problems, they will expand the promotion to ensure that there are no major mistakes.
The second is the construction of Bailian First Hospital. A month ago, Chen Zhao had already stopped road construction, allowing these workers who had a lot of construction experience to start promoting the construction of the First Hospital. Chen Zhao's idea is very simple and pragmatic. He should not build a completely independent building first, but rely on the former Bailian Cult headquarters to expand a simple building complex to expand outward, and use this building complex to deploy the first hospital. This can shorten the construction period and ensure the cluster effect of various functional buildings. There are also disadvantages. The Bailian Cult headquarters is not in a densely populated area controlled by the Bailian Cult. Most White Lian Cult believers need to travel a long distance to come to the First Hospital if they want to see a doctor.
Of course, Chen Zhao is not a short-sighted person. He has seen this shortcoming for a long time, so he began to build a gravel road network with Bailian headquarters as the core. In the future, some public transportation service projects such as ox, carriage, and horses will be run on these roads, so that Bailian believers can go to Bailian First Hospital for medical treatment more conveniently.
Various training for midwife prenatal, time and postpartum are about to begin. Chen Zhao must do these training by himself. After all, there is no one under his command. Qian Youxi is still in the growth stage. This time Chen Zhao returns to Bailian headquarters. One of the important goals is to train midwife. Chen Zhao’s goal is not high. He does not require these midwife to be so professional like modern gynecologists. The most important sanitary conditions must be improved. Alcohol disinfection laws, postpartum nursing hygiene regulations, sanitary environment for newborns, etc. must be implemented.
Next, we will talk about the third issue, money.
Chen Zhao finally experienced what it means to have difficult scriptures for every family. He wanted to organize a truly efficient government that manages industrialized countries, and there was really a shortage of money everywhere.
After a period of training, the White Lotus Guard has basically had combat capabilities, but the military's expenses are really unbearable for Chen Zhao.
Chen Zhao would never allow the soldiers he trained were low-quality soldiers who could not fight. There are too many lessons given by all dynasties. The combat capability of the army naturally comes from high morale, tactics, and training level. However, the most important supply of military rations is absolutely indispensable. If the soldiers are not well fed, they will naturally have no foundation for training. People are impetuous and the more soldiers they will be.
Chen Zhao set a very high dietary standard. A soldier distributed five kilograms of grain every day and also distributed the supply of meat, eggs, milk and vegetables at the price of two kilograms of grain. This food standard will be distressed by the landlord's family. This is the level of twice the military salary of an ordinary soldier in the Ming Dynasty.
High welfare naturally means high costs.
One stone of rice can only bear the daily rations of 30 people. 300 soldiers have to train for ten stones of food a day, and nearly a thousand stones of food is required for three months of training. This is also an extremely heavy burden for a landlord family like Chen Zhao.
The Chen Zhao family owns two thousand acres of land, which is a large area. There are very few self-cultivated parts, and most of them are rented to tenant farmers. The tenant farmers pay rent depends on the crops planted and the fertility of the land. The Chen Zhao family's land is basically fertile fields, with a per mu yield of about 35 shi per month. The tenant farmers have to pay 3 shi of grain every year to plant rice, and the surplus of about 4 shi after two seasons of rice planting.
Even though the Chen Zhao family owns two thousand acres of land, the annual rent collection and self-produced only 8,000 stones of grain should be known. If you need to know that these are not net income, you can count the various expenditure channels, pay taxes, sacrifices, and manage the family. The Chen Zhao family can spend nearly 4,000 stones a year, and the silver they can save in a year is less than 2,000 taels, which is only 4,000 stones of grain.
A simple calculation will show that if Chen Zhao wanted to support these people with the diet level he set, the annual income of Chen Zhao's family would only cover the cost of the army. If he encountered a poor harvest in one year, the disaster would be serious and he would not even be able to take out the reserved emergency surplus.
And you have to know that there are only three hundred people.
Chen Zhao had no idea about the matter of raising a military. He only knew that the army spent a lot of money. Now he finally had a deep understanding. If the income could not be expanded to subsidized the army, the big landlord family of Chen Zhao would be able to eat in less than a few years!
It is absolutely impossible to save money. Chen Zhao must find a way to open up the source, either make money or expand his food income.
There are two options to expand grain income. One is to grow military fields. These 300 people are trained and farmed at the same time. This method can indeed meet the expenses. Generally, a tenant farmer can be responsible for eight to ten acres of land. The army needs training. Reducing their burden can achieve three acres of land for one person. This is nearly a thousand acres of land. If you plant and harvest yourself, you will lose taxes. It is not a problem to produce 4,000 stones of grain per year. While meeting the military's expenses, you may also have a surplus.
But the first question is that there is no field Ah, where does this nearly 1,000 acres of land come from?
It is okay to spend money to merge, but with Chen Zhao's modern minds, he can use money to make money with higher efficiency. The second problem is that soldiers' farming will inevitably reduce their training efficiency and blur their identity boundaries. This is what Chen Zhao values the most. Chen Zhao needs them to clarify their identity positioning...
Professional soldiers don’t have to worry about anything other than fighting against the enemy, defending their hometown, and defending their faith in Bailian.
This involves the second plan Chen Zhao is preparing to adopt, selling high-value-added products with different characteristics in the nature of the times. There are two directions: one is to sell them to Ming Dynasty officials and the other is to dump overseas. After a comprehensive analysis of Chen Zhao combined his historical knowledge, he believed that the idea of dumping overseas to earn a large amount of trade surplus is not yet valid.
There are several reasons. Let’s not mention the rampant pirates in the high seas at this time. The most basic premise is very pessimistic...
There must be silver overseas, and there are only two places where there is money to make money. New World, Europe, and Africa, they are all poor tribals. Some places do have gold and silver mines. But that is something that can only be considered after having military strength in the future. New World such as Australia and America have huge development potential. Now they can only watch it. The only civilized area where trade can be traded is Europe.
Since ancient times, all dynasties in China have formed a huge trade surplus with Europe through the Silk Road, and a large amount of silver from Europe and Central Asia flowed into China. To this day, Europe's silver reserves can hardly support them in coin minting activities. More than half of the world's silver was stored on the land of the Ming Dynasty. Under the conditions of extremely scarce reserves of precious metals, Europe had no choice but to start an era of exploring the new continent and colonizing plunder. Later, a series of new colonial systems such as triangular black slave trade were gradually formed to allow precious metals such as silver to return to Europe.
Europe has been forced to have no way out by the farming nation that has lived in China for a long time. The Chinese who have lived in China for a long time only have money and consumer goods are completely self-sufficient. Europeans want to exchange goods for goods, but the Chinese people do not agree at all. The porcelain, tea, silk and other consumer goods that are rich in China are luxury goods in Europe and are something that Europe urgently needs. Therefore, the result of the long-term trade surplus is that Europe lacks silver.
Never think that the Age of Discovery is a great journey to explore the New World. To sum up historical experience, it is just a saying that Europeans are short of money, so go to the New World to grab it.
Chen Zhao was very clear that if he joined the trade ranks with Europe now, the trade surplus would inevitably expand and make more Europeans unemployed. When they were unemployed, they would naturally go to the New World to harm the indigenous people of the New World. This is obviously unfavorable for Chen Zhao's future plan to open up the New World. From a macro perspective, Chen Zhao was unwilling to intensify the European colonial boom.
Of course, even if Chen Zhao is willing to continue to earn Europeans' money, he still has to consider a series of complex issues such as fleets, fleet arming, etc. It is too early to consider these things now. The domestic market is still the market with the largest amount of silver flow at this stage. This is an objective fact.
Chen Zhao initially targeted two domestic markets. The first market was the mirror and glassware market, and the second was the perfume and sugar market. The first was specifically aimed at the powerful class of the Ming Dynasty. Perfumes could be appropriately popularized, while sugar was a bulk trade. If these two things were done, the profit would be more profitable than mirror glass.
Glass was no longer a rare thing during this period of the Ming Dynasty. Wang Shizhen's family had glass crafts. The Ming Dynasty called these things glazed ware. However, whether it was produced in the local Ming Dynasty or European glass crafts imported from overseas, the difference between the quality and modern fully transparent glass is still visible to the naked eye. Although these glazed ware native to this era cannot compare to the more expensive rare ores such as carved jade and gems, the price is still high.
Under Chen Zhao's inquiry, a glass cup containing a lot of impurities and bubbles in Wang Shizhen's house was priced at nearly 40 taels. Even if it was a cup with such poor quality, the glass craftsmen in the Ming Dynasty had to burn for a month. Not to mention the extremely complicated process, the most important thing was that the product's pass rate was very low. Even if the old craftsmen who burned glass worked on the stove, there was not much that could be sold on the market after burning a stove.
For Chen Zhao, the technological content of mirrors and glass is extremely low. Burning these things is nothing more than a problem of temperature control. You can exchange them with points, and you can exchange them for a large number of points without using many points. Chen Zhao has not thought about building a modern glass factory, but what kind of technology is used to build a glass factory?
For example, the casting method, the infrastructure alone of such a factory was unbearable. Chen Zhao needed mechanized assembly facilities. With these, Chen Zhao also needed to build workshops, fire kilns, melting kilns, structural pipelines, and other industrial facilities that he had to study for a long time. The technology was too advanced to the times, and the complexity would increase in order of magnitude, and simple craftsmanship could not be too far from the glass craftsmen in the Ming Dynasty.
And it was that important issue, Chen Zhao did not have qualified workers.
Let farmers of this era work in factories?Whether glass can be mass-produced successfully is twofold. These farmers have no sense of safety production at all, and they can turn the factory into a cemetery in one day.
So it is better to exchange it directly with points and then sell it into silver. The points price of glass products is very cheap, but it can be sold at a very good price. In essence, it is to exchange sex points for silver.
A summary of a sentence about glass crafts: The cost-effectiveness of points exchanged for glass is not as high as that of exaggerated, but it is basically reasonable. Since glass will become more and more popular in the future, the huge profit time of this market is limited.
The second market can be initially industrialized on a large scale, which is the perfume and sugar market, aimed at the class group with basic consumption capacity.
Perfume is easy to handle, because the process flow of perfume is very simple and safe. It requires not as high as glass. There are not many utensils required. Two modern distillation devices are enough, and the raw materials are easy to obtain. Low-purity alcohol can be made with grain by yourself. There are many servants who know a little winemaking technique in Chen's own family. High-purity alcohol can be achieved by distillation. Although activated carbon used to absorb impurities can only be exchanged with points, activated carbon can be reused and can be used for a long time after redeeming it once.
As for the fragrance, Chen Zhao had already planned it. Although most of the land in the Jiangsu and Zhejiang areas has become arable land, it is too simple to find flowers and grasslands. Spend some money to mobilize some peasants who are idle at home to let them go up the mountain to pick flowers. With the raw materials, it is not difficult to make the fragrance. Finally, the fragrance + alcohol + water is mixed in proportion, and then put it in a small porcelain bottle or a redeemed glass bottle, and a bottle of perfume is finished.
This brings up the chemical glass experiment set that Chen Zhao showed to Qian Youxi. These things are all exchanged for points. Chen Zhao is not satisfied with simply using such a set of things to enlighten Qian Youxi's scientific concepts. This set of things is mainly used to distil alcohol and prepare for perfume production. Chen Zhao is very particular about points, and points are the foundation for his survival.
The production process of white sugar is even simpler. During this period, no pure white sugar has appeared because the process did not meet the standards, and the purest sugar also has a little ginger color. Moreover, the juice squeezing technology of sugarcane is very primitive, and the juice squeezing rate is very low. Chen Zhao ran a coal-fire steam-powered juicer workshop very realistic. Chen Zhao already has the experience of making steam engines with the minimum number of points. Moreover, according to the characteristics of the exchange system, the more points exchanged, the lower the points spent. The power of this steam engine is relatively stable. Under the steam power, it can directly double the juice squeezing rate of sugarcane. The power of the machine is extremely powerful. The original juice squeezing equipment pulled by cows cannot be compared with it at all, and it is fast and cost-effective.
With sugar cane juice, sugar is naturally easy to get. The most important point in making sugar is to control the heat. If the fire is small, sugar cannot crystallize. If the fire is big, sugar will be directly burned. Therefore, the special skill of sugar masters in the Ming Dynasty is to control the heat, which is the heirloom of sugar makers to settle down.
But these sugar masters never dreamed that no matter how hard they improve their skills, they could not compare with Chen Zhao, because Chen Zhao had a thermometer and a very stable steam heating method!
The sugar master boils sugar all depends on experience and feelings. Chen Zhao can directly use a thermometer to quantify the temperature, and the steam temperature as the heating source is 100 degrees under normal pressure. Changing the air pressure can accurately control the temperature of the steam. This heating method is not as violent as fire burning, gentle and easy to control, and is very convenient. The human feeling is absolutely impossible to resist this scientific and quantitative industrial production.
Chen Zhao is quite familiar with Qian Youxi. This little girl has a strong desire for knowledge. After thinking about it, he decided to start with her desire for knowledge and tie her to her side.
Chen Zhao planned to take the first step to teach the foundation of modern medicine to Qian Youxi in writing.
First of all, Chen Zhao herself is too busy. During this period, I really don’t have time to separate the time to discuss medical academic issues with Qian Youxi, and I can’t find a reason to let this little girl be her follower. Since this is the case, it’s better to directly enlighten Qian Youxi in writing. When she accumulates a certain amount of questions, she will find time to answer them uniformly. If Qian Youxi can really penetrate into the modern medical system as Chen Zhao wishes, Qian Youxi will really be inseparable from Chen Zhao, because there is no other person in the world who can discuss medical knowledge with her.
To this end, Chen Zhao prepared the first text material: "On the Three Elements of Infectious Diseases".
Chen Zhao came to Qian's house directly, came to Qian's house, and handed the text information to Qian Youxi.
When Qian Youxi saw Chen Zhao standing at the door of Qian's house, she was naturally extremely surprised. She hurriedly invited Chen Zhao to come in and talk, but Chen Zhao refused. He said that he was really busy during this period. Recently, after a period of research, he has summarized some medical knowledge about the plague and wanted to share it with Qian Youxi.
When Qian Youxi heard that Chen Zhao was just here to deliver learning materials, she suddenly felt lost in her heart. Chen Zhao wanted to create this effect. Although the two could not meet, Chen Zhao's medical knowledge always influenced her, making her unable to forget herself at all times.
Chen Zhao also gave Qian Youxi the key to the clinic and told her that she could temporarily manage the clinic. If a patient came to her, she could also practice her medical achievements. Qian Youxi waved her hands repeatedly, but Chen Zhao was slightly tough and stuffed the key into her hand.
In fact, Qian Youxi has lived enough at home recently. After her elder brother came back, he had to be busy keeping his father's mind. There was almost no source of income at home and his life was a little difficult. After his elder brother took away "Qian's Children's Fang", although he did not press on her step by step like before, he did not give her a good look at her at all.
With this key, Qian Youxi can learn medical knowledge in that small clinic wholeheartedly, and can also practice medicine and make money. There is no need to go home every day to see the elder brother's expression. Qian Youxi secretly thanked Chen Zhao for her unreserved help from her.
Chen Zhao started from "On the Three Elements of Infectious Diseases" that Qian Youxi was more easily accepted, and gave Qian Youxi a preliminary seeds of scientific medical analysis. This article is not very long. In detail, Chen Zhao described the detailed scientific steps of discovering plagues, thinking about plagues, analyzing plagues, and proposing solutions. Each step emphasizes the rigor of rational thinking and scientific concepts. Finally, he summarized the three elements and proposed response strategies for these three elements, isolating the source of infection, cutting off the transmission pathway, and protecting susceptible people, giving Qian Youxi the most basic scientific medical ideas.
This article shocked Qian Youxi very much.
The reason is very simple. Ancient medicine all starts from the theoretical basis of the mutual generation and restraint of Yin and Yang and the Five Elements to analyze various diseases. When Yin and Yang and the Five Elements themselves are regarded as the basis of medical theory, no one asked about the reliability of Yin and Yang and the Five Elements, and this short paper by Chen Zhao always asks the essence of the question...
Why does the plague spread?
Why do people get infected with plague?
Why can people be infected with the plague only after close contact?
No one has ever studied these problems, because people think it is normal to get infected with plague. The destiny is clear, so people should do this.
In Qian Youxi's view, Chen Zhao tried to fight Zhaozhao's destiny from a medical perspective.
Qian Youxi has read this article many times. She believes that Chen Zhao's direction may be revolutionary, and the analysis of the three major elements is reliable and rigorous. This set of ideas, as the guiding ideology of epidemic prevention, should achieve great success. Saving the people of the world and saving a life is better than building a seven-level pagoda. If everyone can understand the ideas and principles in Chen Zhao's theory, how many people can it save?
Qian Youxi didn't know that it was still the one who really shocked her. Chen Zhao estimated that she had almost fully understood this article and sent her a second book: "From Darwinism, Survival of Things to Evolution".
This time, Chen Zhao originally wanted to go to Qian Youxi to find Qian Youxi, but he didn't expect that the little girl had already built a floor shop in the small clinic and planned to live here for a long time. This is a good phenomenon. She was one step closer to taking her out and taking her to her side.
The book "From Darwinism, Survival of Things to Evolution" officially laid the ideological foundation of Qian Youxi's biology. Chen Zhao began to analyze from the most common sparrows and explained the importance of the streamlined body shape of the sparrow to fly. Then he compared the body structure of chickens and ducks and sparrows. The sparrow's bones are hollow, the body is lighter and more suitable for flying, so sparrows can fly, but chickens and ducks cannot fly. The argumentation process is also quite scientific. Chen Zhao wrote the research method like this:
How to prove that the same size of bones, sparrows are lighter and more agile than chickens and ducks?
In the example, it is written like this: Chen Zhao prepared a exactly the same cup, and filled the two cups with water, each in two large cups of the same size. After that, he filled the two small cups with water, and then weighed the complete bones of the chicken and sparrow of equal weight, and placed the two parts of the bones in two small cups respectively. The amount of water overflowed from the two small cups is always more than the sparrow, which proves that the bones of the same size are lighter.
Based on this, Chen Zhao analyzed in detail the hollow structure of sparrow bones.
Chen Zhao also assigned Qian Youxi an assignment question, how to prove that the weight of a piece of wood is different before and after burning?
If it is different, why is it different?
What is the specific difference between this part?
Why do we need to study this question?
Later, Chen Zhao analyzed the necessity of sparrow's beak growing into a spear from the perspective of feeding, and analyzed from the perspective of the ecological environment why the sparrow's claws faced forward and one toe backward. These claws are convenient for standing in branches and other places. He also compared the webbed ducks and gooses. There is a film between these webbed palettes, which can facilitate paddling, which is also the result of adapting to the evolution of the environment.
Starting from the example of sparrow, Chen Zhao listed a large number of examples, elaborated on Darwin's theory of evolution in detail, and expressed two extremely important views...
1. All living beings in the world are evolving to adapt to the living environment. 2. Natural selection is the driving force for the evolution of living beings.
It is conceivable that this book has brought Qian Youxi a great impact.
It turns out that the diversity of organisms in this world has evolved slowly?
In order to adapt to the underground living environment, the earthworms degenerate their eyes?
Did humans turn out to be monkeys many years ago?
Each viewpoint has completely refreshed Qian Youxi's understanding of the world, and most importantly, these views have a lot of testimonies to prove that there are too many examples that people usually accustomed to can become the basis for the establishment of these views.
It is obviously unlikely that Qian Youxi would accept these theories and agree with the perspectives of evolution. She grew up in a family of doctors in the Ming Dynasty, and her language environment destined to have a narrow-minded side of her thinking, but this did not prevent her from thinking deeply about these perspectives and asking questions.
She did do the task that Chen Zhao gave her.
She first weighed some of the firewood, then ignited them, and then weighed the carbon ash after burning them completely. She found that the weight of the carbon ash was indeed greatly reduced compared to the previous firewood.
This experiment did not give Qian Youxi too much shock. In Qian Youxi's worldview, it was obvious that part of the firewood was burned. Every year when the ancestors worshiped ancestors on Qingming Festival, the underworld coins would also turn into powder. It should be the most normal phenomenon to reduce the weight. However, Chen Zhao's later question made her fall into deep thought. What exactly was the burned part?
Where did the burned part go?
And what is the connection between this phenomenon and evolution?
The strong desire for knowledge always bothers Qian Youxi's little head.
Qian Youxi really couldn't figure it out, so he could only explain it with the superstition... After burning, these things should have jumped out of the three realms and were no longer in the five elements.
This book is much longer than the previous article. Qian Youxi spent half a month studying hard in a small clinic every day, and from time to time he had to close his eyes and meditate. Many places with too strong impact have to read several times. Finally, it was the first time he finished judging. Chen Zhao came as he pinched his days.
Mr. Chen, you are here!I happened to have many questions to ask Mr. Chen... Before Qian Youxi finished speaking, she found that Chen Zhao was not alone. Two servants followed him and came to the clinic with a carriage covered with tarp.
Chen Zhao asked with a smile: Miss Qian, don’t ask questions at first. Can I read the book I gave to Miss Qian?
Qian Youxi nodded and said: I have finished reading it, but I can’t understand too many things in it.
Chen Zhao nodded: Have you done the assigned homework?
Qian Youxi told Chen Zhao in detail about the entire process of performing the experiment.
Chen Zhao gave a thumbs up and said: Very good. Next, I will work with Miss Qian to do an experiment together. Let’s first solve the problem of ‘where did those things go after the burning go’.
Chen Zhao ordered the two servants to take the carriage to the backyard of the small clinic. When he opened the tarp, the things inside scared Qian Youxi. It was full of transparent and regular glassware. The bottles and jars had different shapes, but the texture was quite pure. Qian Youxi knew very well that the price of this set of things must be unimaginable.
Chen Zhao explained that these precious glassware were bought from the West and cost a lot of money. Then he assembled the set of instruments by himself and formed a modern chemical reaction device with good air tightness and simple composition. A large flask and a cowhide tube were connected to one flask after another, and at the end there was a gas collection cylinder that collected gas, and the gas collection cylinder finally returned to the air inlet of the first large flask.
Chen Zhao began to conduct the experiment like this. The latter flask was filled with enough carbon dioxide absorber to ensure that it could fully absorb carbon dioxide. Then Chen Zhao weighed the entire device, recorded the weight, and then weighed a piece of wood, ignited it and put it into the first large flask. Then closed the air outlet valve of the gas collection cylinder, blowing into the large flask. The wood burned quickly, and the air flow passed through the carbon dioxide absorber in the flasks, and finally returned to the gas collection cylinder. After the pressure in the gas collection cylinder increased, the outlet valve was opened and the gas was bulged into the first large flask again.
Qian Youxi didn't understand what Chen Zhao was doing, but Chen Zhao's next explanation made her understand quickly.
Miss Qian, as you said, after the wood is burned, the weight is reduced. We just weighed the entire device and this piece of wood. After the wood is burned in this cup, it turns into charcoal ash. According to our experience, its weight must be reduced, right?
Qian Youxi nodded.
Chen Zhao said again: Since that's the case, the combustion has now ended. If we weigh the entire device again, the total weight we obtained should be less than the weight of the wood at the beginning plus the weight of the original device, right?
Qian Youxi thought about it and nodded again.
Chen Zhao immediately started weighing, and a scene that made Qian Youxi stunned appeared. The total weight of the device after burning was actually greater than the sum of the first two weights!
Why?Why is this happening?Qian Youxi felt that her worldview was about to collapse. She couldn't figure out why the weight that should be reduced did not decrease, but instead increased the total weight?
Chen Zhao said with a smile: Miss Qian, if you want to understand this issue, you still have a long way to go. I call this question the "Immortality of Matter". The matter in the world will not disappear for no reason, nor will it appear for no reason. Some places will become cold, and some places will become hot. After the wood burns, in fact, the weight that disappeared will not disappear, but will float in the air. Have you ever heard of fire poison?
Qian Youxi nodded and said: There are records of excessive fire poison in "Xiyuan Jilu". Those who are poisonous in coal and those who leak fire and smelly in the soil pit will be fumigated and die without realizing it. The corpse is extremely soft, similar to those who cannot realize it at night.If you put a basin of water in the room and make the windows breathable, the coal will smell bad and cannot be harmful. Drinking cold water can relieve it.Or mash the radish and drink it with juice, and your nose will move to the wind and wake up.
That's right, this is the actual evidence that something enters the air after the wood burns!
Qian Youxi followed Chen Zhao's thoughts and suddenly realized.
This is a very simple truth. Why is there fire poison? Naturally, it is because of combustion. Something becomes gas. These gases are toxic, so people get fire poison. Combined with the previous experiment, Qian Youxi knew that his previous idea was completely wrong. The reason why the wood became lighter after burning was because that part of the thing flew into the air, but people couldn't see it.
Combined with this experiment, Qian Youxi understood a little bit what Chen Zhao wanted to express...
If you want to understand the principles in this world, it is imperfect to rely solely on sensory senses. Only through experimental argumentation and proof can you find out the principles. Qian Youxi feels that there is a taste of studying things and learning.
Chen Zhao packed up the experimental device and handed over the third book to Qian Youxi, titled "What is Biology".
After having some basic conceptual foundations, Chen Zhao began to teach Qian Youxi the basics of biology, and combined with the basics of biology, explaining the possibility of effective traditional Chinese medicine, yin and yang and five elements, and looking, listening, asking and touching. This article is very long, enough for Qian Youxi to study for a while. Later, Chen Zhao also prepared more complex and difficult books for Qian Youxi, such as "206 Bones of the Human Body", "Detailed Explanation of Heart, Liver, Spleen, Lung and Kidney", and other more in-depth and professional books. When Qian Youxi began to learn these books, it was when Chen Zhao officially instilled and imparted the basics of anatomy to her, helping her break the dregs of the body in traditional feudal thought, leading her to formally enter modern medical theory.
Before this, if Qian Youxi mostly appreciated Chen Zhao's feelings, after today, Qian Youxi began to worship Chen Zhao.
Evolution, plague theory, biology, these things are not just a sentence or two, one or two prescriptions, one or two experiences in seeing a doctor. This is a systematic and profound knowledge. Looking at history, how many people can unify medical knowledge in theory?
My ancestor Qian Yi probably can't do this!
Qian Youxi gradually began to realize that she was participating in a medical revolution that changed the future generations of descendants of China!
After answering most of Qian Youxi's questions, Chen Zhao finally said goodbye to this tender and tender little lady. Qian Youxi stayed with Chinese medicine all year round, and had a unique smell of girlish body fragrance and Chinese medicine fragrance. When sitting with her, Chen Zhao was a little drooled by this faint fragrance. Qian Youxi's white and tender neck made Chen Zhao feel a little impulsive, but now is not the time to start.
Qian Youxi stood reluctantly at the entrance of the small clinic and waved goodbye to Chen Zhao.
After leading Qian Youxi on the path of serious medical science, he began to move into the next step, about the overall governance of the areas controlled by the White Lotus Sect.
At present, the administrative aspects of the areas controlled by the White Lotus Cult have emerged with several urgent problems that need to be solved: 1. Health reform 2. Bailian First Hospital 3. Silver issue 4. The problem of destruction of public order and good customs.
After the last meeting, one month later, Chen Zhao once again summoned a party of Liuxiang and seven subordinates to the Chen family to share with them the achievements of the Chen family's health reform.
The most profound experience Chen Zhao learned through this health reform is that he must first let people in health reform experience the benefits of reform, so that the reform can have the motivation to continue to advance. After a month, there have been fewer and fewer violations of health in the Chen family. Now, they will be reluctant to let them return to their original lifestyle. Although the benefits of all aspects cannot be as visible as real money, in the long run, the implementation of health reform has indeed achieved great results.
In the past, minor illnesses such as headaches, fever, fever and illness often plagued the people of the Ming Dynasty. Naturally, the Chen family was also inseparable from this. Buying medicine and taking medicine was an indispensable part of their life. As soon as the sanitary conditions came up, the pain naturally decreased. The Chen family found that part of the daily expenses was saved, and the saved part was much more than the cost paid when implementing reforms. This is a long-term benefit.
Chen Zhao focused on showing the Chen family's division of areas, the functionality of public toilets, and daily hygiene precautions to his seven subordinates. These three things can be copied to the Bailian control area. Tap water is still a bit ahead of the Bailian control area. If Chen Zhao wants to build a large tap water supply system, the points spent are astronomical, which cannot be implemented at present.
After demonstrating these, Chen Zhao issued administrative instructions, requiring the seven managers of Liuxiang to slowly implement the health reform as a long-term work, and implement it step by step in the control area according to the Chen family's reform ideas.
The seven leaders of Chen Zhao's ideological strategy are obvious to all. First, they built some experimental zones. The results of the experimental zones responded well. After having experience in dealing with various problems, they will expand the promotion to ensure that there are no major mistakes.
The second is the construction of Bailian First Hospital. A month ago, Chen Zhao had already stopped road construction, allowing these workers who had a lot of construction experience to start promoting the construction of the First Hospital. Chen Zhao's idea is very simple and pragmatic. He should not build a completely independent building first, but rely on the former Bailian Cult headquarters to expand a simple building complex to expand outward, and use this building complex to deploy the first hospital. This can shorten the construction period and ensure the cluster effect of various functional buildings. There are also disadvantages. The Bailian Cult headquarters is not in a densely populated area controlled by the Bailian Cult. Most White Lian Cult believers need to travel a long distance to come to the First Hospital if they want to see a doctor.
Of course, Chen Zhao is not a short-sighted person. He has seen this shortcoming for a long time, so he began to build a gravel road network with Bailian headquarters as the core. In the future, some public transportation service projects such as ox, carriage, and horses will be run on these roads, so that Bailian believers can go to Bailian First Hospital for medical treatment more conveniently.
Various training for midwife prenatal, time and postpartum are about to begin. Chen Zhao must do these training by himself. After all, there is no one under his command. Qian Youxi is still in the growth stage. This time Chen Zhao returns to Bailian headquarters. One of the important goals is to train midwife. Chen Zhao’s goal is not high. He does not require these midwife to be so professional like modern gynecologists. The most important sanitary conditions must be improved. Alcohol disinfection laws, postpartum nursing hygiene regulations, sanitary environment for newborns, etc. must be implemented.
Next, we will talk about the third issue, money.
Chen Zhao finally experienced what it means to have difficult scriptures for every family. He wanted to organize a truly efficient government that manages industrialized countries, and there was really a shortage of money everywhere.
After a period of training, the White Lotus Guard has basically had combat capabilities, but the military's expenses are really unbearable for Chen Zhao.
Chen Zhao would never allow the soldiers he trained were low-quality soldiers who could not fight. There are too many lessons given by all dynasties. The combat capability of the army naturally comes from high morale, tactics, and training level. However, the most important supply of military rations is absolutely indispensable. If the soldiers are not well fed, they will naturally have no foundation for training. People are impetuous and the more soldiers they will be.
Chen Zhao set a very high dietary standard. A soldier distributed five kilograms of grain every day and also distributed the supply of meat, eggs, milk and vegetables at the price of two kilograms of grain. This food standard will be distressed by the landlord's family. This is the level of twice the military salary of an ordinary soldier in the Ming Dynasty.
High welfare naturally means high costs.
One stone of rice can only bear the daily rations of 30 people. 300 soldiers have to train for ten stones of food a day, and nearly a thousand stones of food is required for three months of training. This is also an extremely heavy burden for a landlord family like Chen Zhao.
The Chen Zhao family owns two thousand acres of land, which is a large area. There are very few self-cultivated parts, and most of them are rented to tenant farmers. The tenant farmers pay rent depends on the crops planted and the fertility of the land. The Chen Zhao family's land is basically fertile fields, with a per mu yield of about 35 shi per month. The tenant farmers have to pay 3 shi of grain every year to plant rice, and the surplus of about 4 shi after two seasons of rice planting.
Even though the Chen Zhao family owns two thousand acres of land, the annual rent collection and self-produced only 8,000 stones of grain should be known. If you need to know that these are not net income, you can count the various expenditure channels, pay taxes, sacrifices, and manage the family. The Chen Zhao family can spend nearly 4,000 stones a year, and the silver they can save in a year is less than 2,000 taels, which is only 4,000 stones of grain.
A simple calculation will show that if Chen Zhao wanted to support these people with the diet level he set, the annual income of Chen Zhao's family would only cover the cost of the army. If he encountered a poor harvest in one year, the disaster would be serious and he would not even be able to take out the reserved emergency surplus.
And you have to know that there are only three hundred people.
Chen Zhao had no idea about the matter of raising a military. He only knew that the army spent a lot of money. Now he finally had a deep understanding. If the income could not be expanded to subsidized the army, the big landlord family of Chen Zhao would be able to eat in less than a few years!
It is absolutely impossible to save money. Chen Zhao must find a way to open up the source, either make money or expand his food income.
There are two options to expand grain income. One is to grow military fields. These 300 people are trained and farmed at the same time. This method can indeed meet the expenses. Generally, a tenant farmer can be responsible for eight to ten acres of land. The army needs training. Reducing their burden can achieve three acres of land for one person. This is nearly a thousand acres of land. If you plant and harvest yourself, you will lose taxes. It is not a problem to produce 4,000 stones of grain per year. While meeting the military's expenses, you may also have a surplus.
But the first question is that there is no field Ah, where does this nearly 1,000 acres of land come from?
It is okay to spend money to merge, but with Chen Zhao's modern minds, he can use money to make money with higher efficiency. The second problem is that soldiers' farming will inevitably reduce their training efficiency and blur their identity boundaries. This is what Chen Zhao values the most. Chen Zhao needs them to clarify their identity positioning...
Professional soldiers don’t have to worry about anything other than fighting against the enemy, defending their hometown, and defending their faith in Bailian.
This involves the second plan Chen Zhao is preparing to adopt, selling high-value-added products with different characteristics in the nature of the times. There are two directions: one is to sell them to Ming Dynasty officials and the other is to dump overseas. After a comprehensive analysis of Chen Zhao combined his historical knowledge, he believed that the idea of dumping overseas to earn a large amount of trade surplus is not yet valid.
There are several reasons. Let’s not mention the rampant pirates in the high seas at this time. The most basic premise is very pessimistic...
There must be silver overseas, and there are only two places where there is money to make money. New World, Europe, and Africa, they are all poor tribals. Some places do have gold and silver mines. But that is something that can only be considered after having military strength in the future. New World such as Australia and America have huge development potential. Now they can only watch it. The only civilized area where trade can be traded is Europe.
Since ancient times, all dynasties in China have formed a huge trade surplus with Europe through the Silk Road, and a large amount of silver from Europe and Central Asia flowed into China. To this day, Europe's silver reserves can hardly support them in coin minting activities. More than half of the world's silver was stored on the land of the Ming Dynasty. Under the conditions of extremely scarce reserves of precious metals, Europe had no choice but to start an era of exploring the new continent and colonizing plunder. Later, a series of new colonial systems such as triangular black slave trade were gradually formed to allow precious metals such as silver to return to Europe.
Europe has been forced to have no way out by the farming nation that has lived in China for a long time. The Chinese who have lived in China for a long time only have money and consumer goods are completely self-sufficient. Europeans want to exchange goods for goods, but the Chinese people do not agree at all. The porcelain, tea, silk and other consumer goods that are rich in China are luxury goods in Europe and are something that Europe urgently needs. Therefore, the result of the long-term trade surplus is that Europe lacks silver.
Never think that the Age of Discovery is a great journey to explore the New World. To sum up historical experience, it is just a saying that Europeans are short of money, so go to the New World to grab it.
Chen Zhao was very clear that if he joined the trade ranks with Europe now, the trade surplus would inevitably expand and make more Europeans unemployed. When they were unemployed, they would naturally go to the New World to harm the indigenous people of the New World. This is obviously unfavorable for Chen Zhao's future plan to open up the New World. From a macro perspective, Chen Zhao was unwilling to intensify the European colonial boom.
Of course, even if Chen Zhao is willing to continue to earn Europeans' money, he still has to consider a series of complex issues such as fleets, fleet arming, etc. It is too early to consider these things now. The domestic market is still the market with the largest amount of silver flow at this stage. This is an objective fact.
Chen Zhao initially targeted two domestic markets. The first market was the mirror and glassware market, and the second was the perfume and sugar market. The first was specifically aimed at the powerful class of the Ming Dynasty. Perfumes could be appropriately popularized, while sugar was a bulk trade. If these two things were done, the profit would be more profitable than mirror glass.
Glass was no longer a rare thing during this period of the Ming Dynasty. Wang Shizhen's family had glass crafts. The Ming Dynasty called these things glazed ware. However, whether it was produced in the local Ming Dynasty or European glass crafts imported from overseas, the difference between the quality and modern fully transparent glass is still visible to the naked eye. Although these glazed ware native to this era cannot compare to the more expensive rare ores such as carved jade and gems, the price is still high.
Under Chen Zhao's inquiry, a glass cup containing a lot of impurities and bubbles in Wang Shizhen's house was priced at nearly 40 taels. Even if it was a cup with such poor quality, the glass craftsmen in the Ming Dynasty had to burn for a month. Not to mention the extremely complicated process, the most important thing was that the product's pass rate was very low. Even if the old craftsmen who burned glass worked on the stove, there was not much that could be sold on the market after burning a stove.
For Chen Zhao, the technological content of mirrors and glass is extremely low. Burning these things is nothing more than a problem of temperature control. You can exchange them with points, and you can exchange them for a large number of points without using many points. Chen Zhao has not thought about building a modern glass factory, but what kind of technology is used to build a glass factory?
For example, the casting method, the infrastructure alone of such a factory was unbearable. Chen Zhao needed mechanized assembly facilities. With these, Chen Zhao also needed to build workshops, fire kilns, melting kilns, structural pipelines, and other industrial facilities that he had to study for a long time. The technology was too advanced to the times, and the complexity would increase in order of magnitude, and simple craftsmanship could not be too far from the glass craftsmen in the Ming Dynasty.
And it was that important issue, Chen Zhao did not have qualified workers.
Let farmers of this era work in factories?Whether glass can be mass-produced successfully is twofold. These farmers have no sense of safety production at all, and they can turn the factory into a cemetery in one day.
So it is better to exchange it directly with points and then sell it into silver. The points price of glass products is very cheap, but it can be sold at a very good price. In essence, it is to exchange sex points for silver.
A summary of a sentence about glass crafts: The cost-effectiveness of points exchanged for glass is not as high as that of exaggerated, but it is basically reasonable. Since glass will become more and more popular in the future, the huge profit time of this market is limited.
The second market can be initially industrialized on a large scale, which is the perfume and sugar market, aimed at the class group with basic consumption capacity.
Perfume is easy to handle, because the process flow of perfume is very simple and safe. It requires not as high as glass. There are not many utensils required. Two modern distillation devices are enough, and the raw materials are easy to obtain. Low-purity alcohol can be made with grain by yourself. There are many servants who know a little winemaking technique in Chen's own family. High-purity alcohol can be achieved by distillation. Although activated carbon used to absorb impurities can only be exchanged with points, activated carbon can be reused and can be used for a long time after redeeming it once.
As for the fragrance, Chen Zhao had already planned it. Although most of the land in the Jiangsu and Zhejiang areas has become arable land, it is too simple to find flowers and grasslands. Spend some money to mobilize some peasants who are idle at home to let them go up the mountain to pick flowers. With the raw materials, it is not difficult to make the fragrance. Finally, the fragrance + alcohol + water is mixed in proportion, and then put it in a small porcelain bottle or a redeemed glass bottle, and a bottle of perfume is finished.
This brings up the chemical glass experiment set that Chen Zhao showed to Qian Youxi. These things are all exchanged for points. Chen Zhao is not satisfied with simply using such a set of things to enlighten Qian Youxi's scientific concepts. This set of things is mainly used to distil alcohol and prepare for perfume production. Chen Zhao is very particular about points, and points are the foundation for his survival.
The production process of white sugar is even simpler. During this period, no pure white sugar has appeared because the process did not meet the standards, and the purest sugar also has a little ginger color. Moreover, the juice squeezing technology of sugarcane is very primitive, and the juice squeezing rate is very low. Chen Zhao ran a coal-fire steam-powered juicer workshop very realistic. Chen Zhao already has the experience of making steam engines with the minimum number of points. Moreover, according to the characteristics of the exchange system, the more points exchanged, the lower the points spent. The power of this steam engine is relatively stable. Under the steam power, it can directly double the juice squeezing rate of sugarcane. The power of the machine is extremely powerful. The original juice squeezing equipment pulled by cows cannot be compared with it at all, and it is fast and cost-effective.
With sugar cane juice, sugar is naturally easy to get. The most important point in making sugar is to control the heat. If the fire is small, sugar cannot crystallize. If the fire is big, sugar will be directly burned. Therefore, the special skill of sugar masters in the Ming Dynasty is to control the heat, which is the heirloom of sugar makers to settle down.
But these sugar masters never dreamed that no matter how hard they improve their skills, they could not compare with Chen Zhao, because Chen Zhao had a thermometer and a very stable steam heating method!
The sugar master boils sugar all depends on experience and feelings. Chen Zhao can directly use a thermometer to quantify the temperature, and the steam temperature as the heating source is 100 degrees under normal pressure. Changing the air pressure can accurately control the temperature of the steam. This heating method is not as violent as fire burning, gentle and easy to control, and is very convenient. The human feeling is absolutely impossible to resist this scientific and quantitative industrial production.
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