After summoning the new military weapon supervisor Xiao Dan, he rewarded him with his position as a fourth-grade supervisor, and asked him to do two things clearly and at a real price: the first one is relatively easy to create a durable and reliable subway cannon. The Divine Machinery Administration has developed four usable cannons before, and the recent metallurgical technology is expected to improve, so this matter is already visible; the second one is more difficult, creating a rifled grenade gun. Xue Chongxun drew a schematic diagram and suggested that Xiao Dan use iron to forge the barrel, but this thing is unprecedented, and Xue Chongxun himself doesn't know it well. He feels it is difficult to succeed, otherwise he will not use a fourth-grade official position as a bargaining chip.
If Xiao Dan really wants to let his weapons enter the hot era, he would probably not be stingy even if he was appointed as the Marquis of Xue Chongxun.
It is only the early 8th century AD. The overall technical level of human beings is already very backward. Before, there was no formal application of gunpowder. However, Xue Chongxun developed coke and cement, and even artillery. After the successful attempt, he gave him confidence and felt that it was possible to make a great leap forward in some areas.
The advantage of developing technology is that it only requires money and resources, and it will not involve too much. In the 19th century, some countries that used hot weapons were still serfs. What else should I worry about when the Jin Dynasty has a mature feudal system now?
In contrast, Xue Chongxun seemed more cautious when innovating order and rules. Although the current imperial examinations are only improvements, they have to consider a lot.
Xue Chongxun wanted to do the imperial examination system according to his own wishes, but after weighing the pros and cons, he decided to use conservative reform rules: the ministers advocated it, and then the emperor recognized and supported it.
Scholars with political ambitions and ideals will have their own understanding and ideas about the world, and then realize it by becoming an official. Even the romantic Li Bai also has the ideal of clarifying the ideal of retiring after success, but he is actually not good at governing easily.
Therefore, in many cases, the country needs to carry out a new policy. The process is as follows: after a group of ministers with the same idea hold power, an important minister puts forward the claim to argue, and then gets the support of the emperor, and then it begins to be implemented.
Xue Chongxun planned to do this, finding a minister to preside over the imperial examination reform.
In this case, if the reform is unfavorable, it is nominally a mistake in political views by some ministers, and it has nothing to do with the Jin regime. The responsibility can be carried by some ministers, and there is room for buffering and recovery. If the emperor personally presides over the leadership, if the failure occurs, the Jin court itself will not work, at least that's the case.
For example, in the "Biography of Wang Mang" that Xue Chongxun read, a series of wrong imperial edicts issued by Wang Mang himself after becoming emperor led to economic collapse. His angry world targeted the Xin Dynasty regime and felt that it was not as good as Liu Han.
In today's court, the most important ministers are nothing more than ten people from the two yamen of the Cabinet and the Political Affairs Hall. One is Xue Chongxun's confidant, and the other is two generations of veterans with sufficient reputation and power.
If the six people in the Political Affairs Hall were selected, they could only be Zhang Shuo. His father had a low position in the past. Zhang Shuo was born in the imperial examination and had first-class literary talent and ability, and he also liked writing books. There were four people in the cabinet, Du Xian was good at fighting and had a slightly inferior literary talent; Wang Changling seemed to be not very supportive of the new imperial examination; Zhang Jiuling and Su Jin were more suitable, and had similar qualifications, but Su Jin had the first meritorious service.
After Xue Chongxun weighed the pros and cons, he felt that it would be easier to let Su Jin host. He was at least dedicated to supporting Xue Chongxun and would not go back and forth to Zhou Xuan when doing specific things, which would be more beneficial to Xue Chongxun realizing his ideas.
However, although the cabinet bachelor is involved in military confidentiality, his rank is only fifth grade, and Su Jin is no exception.
It seems that it is not serious to ask a fifth-rank official to preside over the innovation of the world's scientific research.
So Xue Chongxun had to make a lot of preparations before starting his business.
Before this, he affirmed Du Xian's contribution to the capture of Yingzhou. At that time, the considerations were not only about the military power of the Northeast and the prevention of Huhua in Hebei, but also about laying the theoretical foundation for Du Xian's promotion.
Soon Xue Chongxun issued an order to resign Du Xian as honorary military officer of the Sixteen Guards of the Southern Yai and be promoted to the second-rank prince Shaobao of the Eastern Palace.
As for Xue Chongxun, it doesn't matter if he doesn't have a prince. The prince's Shaobao himself has a false title and he doesn't have to do anything.
Nothing to do is not meant to be useless, the function is to improve Du Xian's grade.
He is a bureaucrat with real power in the fifth-rank bachelor's degree, and is himself improving the status of a cabinet bachelor's degree.
With the reason for the contribution of opening up the territory, it is understandable that Du Xian upgraded it; among the cabinet bachelors, there was a second-rank person. At that time, Su Jin proposed the imperial examination reform, and Xue Chongxun could naturally mention Su Jin to the second-rank. Moreover, Su Jin himself had the merit of supporting him, and no one would criticize him for being promoted to the second-rank. Otherwise, you can still say that someone had supported him wrongly?
After Xue Chongxun designed the steps, he began to conceive the framework for the new imperial examination.
The imperial examination system has gradually developed to mature through the continuous changes of Song and Ming dynasties. No one except Xue Chongxun can come up with a reasonable solution out of thin air. Xue Chongxun has to think about this matter himself.
First of all, the content of the scientific examination depends on which talent Xue Chongxun valued. In his ideas, the three aspects of etiquette, strategy, and technology application are the most useful. The former is the foundation for the heaven, earth, king, parents, teachers and generals, and this is to maintain the basic order of Xue Chongxun's own rule. He cannot destroy the original foundation until he can formulate an accepted order. Moreover, he asked himself that he had not reached the state of weakening his power, and he could not figure out what motivation people who already had absolute power had to promote democracy; the latter was unprecedented, because the ancients did not realize the role of technology.
Xue Chongxun felt that there was no need to take the exam at all, and he could develop in the officialdom, because at this time, everyone should use these things to show their taste when they interact with each other. This is popular. Can you not be able to take the exam in modern exams? As for moral character...
As long as he has no experience of committing crimes, it is difficult to distinguish. Xue Chongxun did not think that the literati and moral geniuses in the court were so noble that they were. It would be difficult for people who were too noble to get into those positions.
After deciding the importance of the matter, Xue Chongxun began to try to design the rules.
The imperial examination system since the Sui and Tang dynasties was chaotic, such as more than fifty subjects, and the examination was not a sufficient condition to stand out. Although the examination system had many disadvantages, fairness was obviously much better than the Tang Dynasty's system; the system that Xue Chongxun intended to learn from was not the same as the Tang Dynasty and the Wuzhou period. In fact, after the establishment of the Jin Dynasty, these things were still operating according to the inertia of the former Tang Dynasty. What he wanted to learn from was the third-level examination of the Ming Dynasty, institutionalized and standardized in terms of rules...
The Ming Dynasty system was the most mature rule for the development of feudal centralized power; as for the last dynasty, the Qing Dynasty, it could only be a successful example of the young people enslaved the majority of Han people, which was even more powerful than Genghis Khan. However, after copying the system, China and the barbarians were combined, and the tiger could not become a dog.
For the third level of the imperial examination, you need to obtain student qualifications before entering the imperial examination. Qualified students are all called scholars.
The qualification examination is three steps, and these three steps are basically copied and changed slightly after the Ming Dynasty.
The three steps were carried out from low to high administrative levels. The Jin Dynasty continued the local administrative divisions on the eve of the collapse of the Li Tang Dynasty. In addition, there is also a level that does not actually belong to the administrative level. There is no institutional yamen in the world. Only the central government appointed the censor to supervise local governance. However, the government yamen can be set up in the interview to establish a third-level examination.
The first step is that as long as the people in the jurisdiction of the Jin Dynasty, those with no criminal record of the three generations of scholars, farmers, workers, merchants, and military origins can participate (a wider than the Ming Dynasty). The county magistrates of various places presided over a very simple introductory examination, mainly taking the exam for reading, writing, arithmetic, that is, people with a clean wealth, literacy and normal IQ can get started; the second step is that the governors of each state arrange for officials to conduct the state examination. Taking this exam requires several scholars in the county to guarantee their wealth innocence. The first time the scholars who were born under the new system had no choice but to cancel this step. The content of the exam is similar to the first step. The key is to read, read, read, have a little brain, and then confirm that they are from a good citizen;
The above are all exams every year, which is relatively easy.
The last step is the college entrance examination held by various academic government offices, which is held every three-year examination. Those who pass the examination are qualified students of the provincial schools (the prefecture capital does not have a county) and county schools in each prefecture. They become scholars and are qualified to enter the imperial examination road. The content of this examination is also the key to Xue Chongxun's innovation.
Three exams, three contents: classics (reading traditional classics), questioning, and mathematics.
The content does not contain poetry and essays. In fact, even the last poetry and essay exam in the Ming Dynasty was not that important, and it was better than nothing.
But after Xue Chongxun changed to mathematics, it will not be unimportant, because mathematics itself is easy to judge right or wrong, and the answer is standard. If you don’t know how to do it, you will definitely not pass it if you don’t pass the exam.
It is easy to operate. Xue Chongxun just needs to set the questions himself, and then give the answer to the examiner and review the test papers according to the test papers. Even if the examiner himself has not read "Mathematics", as long as he has learned the rules of Arabic numerals, he can still get the results.
Xue Chongxun's idea is that as long as he is a scholar who enters the imperial examination, he has a foundation in all aspects.
These selected scholars have a foundation in mathematics. In the future, Xue Chongxun wanted to set up other science research departments in the Hanlin Academy to find people. Even if people without ambitions in this area, it would not affect their specialization in strategy and questions. There is no harm in using mathematics learned in the past as a training of thinking.
In addition, in order to reform the fair system of the imperial examination, it is stipulated that the clerk must copy the answer sheet and seal the name before the examination of the qualification examination begins. All examinations do not need to use a fixed model to make articles (except mathematics), and a word range is stipulated to be free to play.
Those who have obtained student qualifications and their families are exempt from labor service and no longer have to be ordered to repair rivers, fortifications, palaces, transport military rations, etc.; outstanding talents who need to further advance in studying in the prefecture-learning school can receive financial subsidies from the state treasury, but they still pay taxes. People who are really poor and innocent can't pay much tax, and the whole family is exempted from the burden of levying the ranks.
Xue Chongxun’s idea was to prevent the number of students returning to local owners and big businessmen in the later period, causing financial difficulties.
If Xiao Dan really wants to let his weapons enter the hot era, he would probably not be stingy even if he was appointed as the Marquis of Xue Chongxun.
It is only the early 8th century AD. The overall technical level of human beings is already very backward. Before, there was no formal application of gunpowder. However, Xue Chongxun developed coke and cement, and even artillery. After the successful attempt, he gave him confidence and felt that it was possible to make a great leap forward in some areas.
The advantage of developing technology is that it only requires money and resources, and it will not involve too much. In the 19th century, some countries that used hot weapons were still serfs. What else should I worry about when the Jin Dynasty has a mature feudal system now?
In contrast, Xue Chongxun seemed more cautious when innovating order and rules. Although the current imperial examinations are only improvements, they have to consider a lot.
Xue Chongxun wanted to do the imperial examination system according to his own wishes, but after weighing the pros and cons, he decided to use conservative reform rules: the ministers advocated it, and then the emperor recognized and supported it.
Scholars with political ambitions and ideals will have their own understanding and ideas about the world, and then realize it by becoming an official. Even the romantic Li Bai also has the ideal of clarifying the ideal of retiring after success, but he is actually not good at governing easily.
Therefore, in many cases, the country needs to carry out a new policy. The process is as follows: after a group of ministers with the same idea hold power, an important minister puts forward the claim to argue, and then gets the support of the emperor, and then it begins to be implemented.
Xue Chongxun planned to do this, finding a minister to preside over the imperial examination reform.
In this case, if the reform is unfavorable, it is nominally a mistake in political views by some ministers, and it has nothing to do with the Jin regime. The responsibility can be carried by some ministers, and there is room for buffering and recovery. If the emperor personally presides over the leadership, if the failure occurs, the Jin court itself will not work, at least that's the case.
For example, in the "Biography of Wang Mang" that Xue Chongxun read, a series of wrong imperial edicts issued by Wang Mang himself after becoming emperor led to economic collapse. His angry world targeted the Xin Dynasty regime and felt that it was not as good as Liu Han.
In today's court, the most important ministers are nothing more than ten people from the two yamen of the Cabinet and the Political Affairs Hall. One is Xue Chongxun's confidant, and the other is two generations of veterans with sufficient reputation and power.
If the six people in the Political Affairs Hall were selected, they could only be Zhang Shuo. His father had a low position in the past. Zhang Shuo was born in the imperial examination and had first-class literary talent and ability, and he also liked writing books. There were four people in the cabinet, Du Xian was good at fighting and had a slightly inferior literary talent; Wang Changling seemed to be not very supportive of the new imperial examination; Zhang Jiuling and Su Jin were more suitable, and had similar qualifications, but Su Jin had the first meritorious service.
After Xue Chongxun weighed the pros and cons, he felt that it would be easier to let Su Jin host. He was at least dedicated to supporting Xue Chongxun and would not go back and forth to Zhou Xuan when doing specific things, which would be more beneficial to Xue Chongxun realizing his ideas.
However, although the cabinet bachelor is involved in military confidentiality, his rank is only fifth grade, and Su Jin is no exception.
It seems that it is not serious to ask a fifth-rank official to preside over the innovation of the world's scientific research.
So Xue Chongxun had to make a lot of preparations before starting his business.
Before this, he affirmed Du Xian's contribution to the capture of Yingzhou. At that time, the considerations were not only about the military power of the Northeast and the prevention of Huhua in Hebei, but also about laying the theoretical foundation for Du Xian's promotion.
Soon Xue Chongxun issued an order to resign Du Xian as honorary military officer of the Sixteen Guards of the Southern Yai and be promoted to the second-rank prince Shaobao of the Eastern Palace.
As for Xue Chongxun, it doesn't matter if he doesn't have a prince. The prince's Shaobao himself has a false title and he doesn't have to do anything.
Nothing to do is not meant to be useless, the function is to improve Du Xian's grade.
He is a bureaucrat with real power in the fifth-rank bachelor's degree, and is himself improving the status of a cabinet bachelor's degree.
With the reason for the contribution of opening up the territory, it is understandable that Du Xian upgraded it; among the cabinet bachelors, there was a second-rank person. At that time, Su Jin proposed the imperial examination reform, and Xue Chongxun could naturally mention Su Jin to the second-rank. Moreover, Su Jin himself had the merit of supporting him, and no one would criticize him for being promoted to the second-rank. Otherwise, you can still say that someone had supported him wrongly?
After Xue Chongxun designed the steps, he began to conceive the framework for the new imperial examination.
The imperial examination system has gradually developed to mature through the continuous changes of Song and Ming dynasties. No one except Xue Chongxun can come up with a reasonable solution out of thin air. Xue Chongxun has to think about this matter himself.
First of all, the content of the scientific examination depends on which talent Xue Chongxun valued. In his ideas, the three aspects of etiquette, strategy, and technology application are the most useful. The former is the foundation for the heaven, earth, king, parents, teachers and generals, and this is to maintain the basic order of Xue Chongxun's own rule. He cannot destroy the original foundation until he can formulate an accepted order. Moreover, he asked himself that he had not reached the state of weakening his power, and he could not figure out what motivation people who already had absolute power had to promote democracy; the latter was unprecedented, because the ancients did not realize the role of technology.
Xue Chongxun felt that there was no need to take the exam at all, and he could develop in the officialdom, because at this time, everyone should use these things to show their taste when they interact with each other. This is popular. Can you not be able to take the exam in modern exams? As for moral character...
As long as he has no experience of committing crimes, it is difficult to distinguish. Xue Chongxun did not think that the literati and moral geniuses in the court were so noble that they were. It would be difficult for people who were too noble to get into those positions.
After deciding the importance of the matter, Xue Chongxun began to try to design the rules.
The imperial examination system since the Sui and Tang dynasties was chaotic, such as more than fifty subjects, and the examination was not a sufficient condition to stand out. Although the examination system had many disadvantages, fairness was obviously much better than the Tang Dynasty's system; the system that Xue Chongxun intended to learn from was not the same as the Tang Dynasty and the Wuzhou period. In fact, after the establishment of the Jin Dynasty, these things were still operating according to the inertia of the former Tang Dynasty. What he wanted to learn from was the third-level examination of the Ming Dynasty, institutionalized and standardized in terms of rules...
The Ming Dynasty system was the most mature rule for the development of feudal centralized power; as for the last dynasty, the Qing Dynasty, it could only be a successful example of the young people enslaved the majority of Han people, which was even more powerful than Genghis Khan. However, after copying the system, China and the barbarians were combined, and the tiger could not become a dog.
For the third level of the imperial examination, you need to obtain student qualifications before entering the imperial examination. Qualified students are all called scholars.
The qualification examination is three steps, and these three steps are basically copied and changed slightly after the Ming Dynasty.
The three steps were carried out from low to high administrative levels. The Jin Dynasty continued the local administrative divisions on the eve of the collapse of the Li Tang Dynasty. In addition, there is also a level that does not actually belong to the administrative level. There is no institutional yamen in the world. Only the central government appointed the censor to supervise local governance. However, the government yamen can be set up in the interview to establish a third-level examination.
The first step is that as long as the people in the jurisdiction of the Jin Dynasty, those with no criminal record of the three generations of scholars, farmers, workers, merchants, and military origins can participate (a wider than the Ming Dynasty). The county magistrates of various places presided over a very simple introductory examination, mainly taking the exam for reading, writing, arithmetic, that is, people with a clean wealth, literacy and normal IQ can get started; the second step is that the governors of each state arrange for officials to conduct the state examination. Taking this exam requires several scholars in the county to guarantee their wealth innocence. The first time the scholars who were born under the new system had no choice but to cancel this step. The content of the exam is similar to the first step. The key is to read, read, read, have a little brain, and then confirm that they are from a good citizen;
The above are all exams every year, which is relatively easy.
The last step is the college entrance examination held by various academic government offices, which is held every three-year examination. Those who pass the examination are qualified students of the provincial schools (the prefecture capital does not have a county) and county schools in each prefecture. They become scholars and are qualified to enter the imperial examination road. The content of this examination is also the key to Xue Chongxun's innovation.
Three exams, three contents: classics (reading traditional classics), questioning, and mathematics.
The content does not contain poetry and essays. In fact, even the last poetry and essay exam in the Ming Dynasty was not that important, and it was better than nothing.
But after Xue Chongxun changed to mathematics, it will not be unimportant, because mathematics itself is easy to judge right or wrong, and the answer is standard. If you don’t know how to do it, you will definitely not pass it if you don’t pass the exam.
It is easy to operate. Xue Chongxun just needs to set the questions himself, and then give the answer to the examiner and review the test papers according to the test papers. Even if the examiner himself has not read "Mathematics", as long as he has learned the rules of Arabic numerals, he can still get the results.
Xue Chongxun's idea is that as long as he is a scholar who enters the imperial examination, he has a foundation in all aspects.
These selected scholars have a foundation in mathematics. In the future, Xue Chongxun wanted to set up other science research departments in the Hanlin Academy to find people. Even if people without ambitions in this area, it would not affect their specialization in strategy and questions. There is no harm in using mathematics learned in the past as a training of thinking.
In addition, in order to reform the fair system of the imperial examination, it is stipulated that the clerk must copy the answer sheet and seal the name before the examination of the qualification examination begins. All examinations do not need to use a fixed model to make articles (except mathematics), and a word range is stipulated to be free to play.
Those who have obtained student qualifications and their families are exempt from labor service and no longer have to be ordered to repair rivers, fortifications, palaces, transport military rations, etc.; outstanding talents who need to further advance in studying in the prefecture-learning school can receive financial subsidies from the state treasury, but they still pay taxes. People who are really poor and innocent can't pay much tax, and the whole family is exempted from the burden of levying the ranks.
Xue Chongxun’s idea was to prevent the number of students returning to local owners and big businessmen in the later period, causing financial difficulties.
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